ÓÄÊ 619:616.36
DOI 10.33861/2071-8020-2022-3-17-20
Mishchenko A.V., Mishchenko V.A., Krivonos R.A., Chernykh O.Yu., Basankin A.V.
Summary. The efficiency of dairy farming is due to the high productivity of cows and their safety. Many industrial livestock farms in the Russian Federation imported a large number of heifers of highly productive (Holstein-Friesian, Ayrshire, Jersey) breeds from a number of countries at the end of the 20th and at the beginning of the 21st century. The acquired animals were characterized by a high metabolic rate and were able to transform feed nutrients into milk with a high coefficient, with their low cost per unit of production. The diets of highly productive cows were not always balanced, as they included the use of a large amount of concentrated feed. All this led to metabolic disorders, the occurrence of metabolic acidosis and the development of immunodeficiency states in animals. Liver pathology was recorded in first-calf heifers, which was most often diagnosed as dystrophy in the postpartum period. Immunodeficiency states, metabolic acidosis and liver dystrophy are also registered in high-yielding cows of the Holsteinized Black-and-White breed. Cases of necrobacteriosis, characterized by inflammation and ulcerative-erosive lesions of the rumen mucosa, as well as dystrophy and abscesses in the liver are often recorded in high-yielding cows after calving, against the background of a decrease in body resistance. The results of studies of liver pathology indicate a wide distribution of bovine hepacivirus in many countries of the world, which indicates the need for a detailed study of this problem.
Keywords: large horned cattle, liver, metabolism, highly productive cows, dairy breeds, hepatopathology, hepacivirus, genotypes, subgenotypes of the virus, liver dystrophy, hepatitis, abscess, hepacivirus genome, antibodies, hepatotropism, PCR, hypomicroelementoses, Germany, China, Brazil, Turkey, Netherlands.
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Author affiliation:
Mishchenko Vladimir A., D.Sc. in Veterinary Medicine, professor, chief scientific researcher of the Laboratory of the prevention of diseases of pigs and horned cattle of the Federal Centre of Animal Health; mcrd. Yurjevets, Vladimir, 600901; phone: 8-4922-261551; e-mail: mishenko@arriah.ru.
Mishchenko Aleksey V., Ph.D. in Veterinary Medicine, senior scientific researcher of the information analysis center of the Federal Centre of Animal Health; mcrd. Yurjevets, Vladimir, 600901; phone: 8-4922-261551; e-mail: mishenko@arriah.ru.
Krivonos Roman A., Ph.D. in Veterinary Medicine, docent of the department of parasitology, veterinary-sanitary expertise and zoohygiene of the Kuban State Agrarian University named after I.T. Trubilin; 13, Kalinina st., Krasnodar, 350044; e-mail: uv@krasnodar.ru.
Chernykh Oleg Yu., D.Sc. in Veterinary Medicine, docent, professor of the department of microbiology, epizootology and virology of the Kuban State Agrarian University named after I.T. Trubilin; 13, Kalinina st., Krasnodar, 350044; phone: 8-918-4956659; e-mail: gukkvl50@kubanvet.ru.
Responsible for correspondence with the editorial board: Basankin Alexey V., Ph.D. in Veterinary Medicine, Head of the Department of Rapid Response in the Event of Contagious and Other Animal Diseases of the Veterinary Department of Krasnodar region4 phone: 8-918-9550057; e-mail: abasankin@mail.ru.
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