Ecological characteristics of bovine herpesvirus type 5

UDC 619:616.98.581.8251:636:22/28

Mishchenko A.V., Mishchenko V.A., Dumova V.V., Shevkoplyas V.N., Dzhailidi G.A., Krivonos R.A., Chernykh O.Yu.

Summary. Data on bovine herpesvirus type 5 are presented in the article. For the first time disease characterized by central nervous system affection was reported in Australia in 1962. Virus which was serologically identical to pathogens of infectious bovine rhinotracheitis was isolated out of the samples of pathological material from diseased calves of 2-6 months old. Pathogen was identified as bovine herpesvirus type 1 subtype 3 (in 1992 was classified as type 5 after a detailed study). Single cases of meningoencephalitis in adult animals were described during the study. Morbidity was observed in the range of from 15 to 50% at 100% mortality rate. Clinical signs were characterized by deep depression, increased body temperature by 1-2 degrees, excessive salivation, nasal and ophthalmic secretions, convulsions, teeth grinding, refusal to take food and water, inadequate response to stimulation, constant lying on its side. Such pathological changes as flattening of the brain convolutions, vascular hyperemia of the meninges, deformation of the cerebellum, increased amount of cerebrospinal fluid, purulent fibrinous bronchopneumonia, multiple ulcers in the mucous membrane of the tongue, trachea, abomasum were found at autopsy of dead animals. Authors established that immunization against bovine infectious rhinotracheitis prevents the development of the pathological process in the brain, but does not allow to prevent latent herpesvirus type 5 infection in large horned cattle.

Key words: large horned cattle, calves, virus, herpesvirus, nervous system, encephalitic form of herpes virus infection, meningoencephalitis, neuropathogenic properties, pathological material, clinical signs.

References

1. Dmitriev A.F. Vnutriutrobnoe infitsirovanie potomstva u produktivnykh zhivotnykh [Intrauterine infection of productive animals’ offspring]. – Veterinarnaya patologiya, 2012 (2). – pp. 25-29.

2. Kucheryavenko R.A., Busol V.A. Meningoentsefalit u telyat, vyzvannyy virusom infektsionnogo rinotrakheita krupnogo rogatogo skota [Meningoencephalitis in calves caused by virus of infectious rhinotracheitis]. – Veterinarnaya meditsina. – Kharkov, 1999 (76). – pp. 48-53.

3. Yurov K.P., Alekseenkova S.V., Pchelnikov A.V. Sovremenny podkhod k diagnostike respiratornykh infektsiy krupnogo rogatogo skota, vyzyvayemykh koronai gerpesvirusami [Modern approach to diagnostics of bovine respiratory infections caused by corona- and herpesviruses]. – Veterinariya, 2013 (8). – pp. 23-29.

4. Yurov K.P., Alexeyenkova S.V. Vyyavlenie novykh i netipichnykh shtammov virusov krupnogo rogatogo skota i loshadey [Detection of new and atypical strains of bovine and equine viruses]. – Veterinariya. – Moscow, 2014 (12). – pp. 8-12.

5. Acute and latent infection by bovine herpesvirus type 5 in experimentally infected goats / D.G. Diel, S.R. Almedid, M.C.S. Brum et al. // Vet. Microbiol., 2007,121,3-4, 257-267.

6. Asymptomatic encephalitis in calves experimentalle infected with bovine herpesvirus- 5 /Isrnhagen A.J. Cosenza M., de Costa M.C. et al. // Canadian Veterinary Journal, 2011, 52, 1312-1318.

7. Expermental infection of sheep with bovine herpesvirus type–5 (BHV-5): acute and latent infection / A.M. Silva, R. Weiblen, L. F. Irugoyen et al.// Vet. Microbiol., 1999,66,2, 89-99.

8. French E.L.A, Specific virus encephalitis in calves: isolation and characterization of the causal agent //Austral.Vet. J., 1962, 38, 216-221.

9. Infectious bovine rhinotracheitis / Infection pustular vulvovaginitis // OIE Terrstrial Manual 2012, T 1, Ch . 2.4.13 745-763.

10. Improved antigenic methods for differential diagnosis of bovine, carpine, and cervine alphaherpesviruses related to bovine herpesvirus–1 / Keuser V., Schynts F., Detry B. et al. // Journal of Clinical Microbilogy, 2004,42 (3), 122-1235.

11. .Encephalitis induced by bovine herpesvirus 5 and protection by prior vaccination or infection with bovine herpesvirus 1./ K. E. Cascio, E.B. Belknap, P.C. Schultheiss et al.// J.Vet. Diagn. Invest. 1999,11,2, 134-139.

12. Соmparative study on the in vitro and in vivo properties of two bovine herpesvirus -5 reference strains/ Ladeifa M.F., Del Medico ZaJac M.P., Kotsias F. et al. // Acta veterinaria Scandinavica, 2011, 53, 37.

13. Salvador S.C., Lemos R.A.A., Roehe R.M. Encefalite por HVB tipo 5 // Principals Enfermidades de bovinos de corte do Mato Grosso do Sul. Reconhecimento e diagnostico. Brasil,1998, 109-139.

14. Studdert M.J. Bovine encephalitis herpesvirus // Vet. Rec., 1997, 125,584.

15. Vaccination with gE-negative herpesvirus vaccine confers insufficient protection to bovine herpesvirus type 5 challenge / A.D. Silva, F. R. Spilki, A.C. Franko et al., // Vaccine, 24, 16, 3313-3320.

Author affiliation:

Mishchenko Aleksey V., Ph.D. in Veterinary Medicine, Deputy Director for Research and Monitoring of the Federal State Establishment "Federal Centre of Animal Health" (FSE "All-Russian Research Institute of Animal Health"); mcrd. Yurjevets, Vladimir, Russia, 600901; phone: (4922)26-17-65; e-mail: mishenko@arriah.ru.

Mishchenko Vladimir A., D.Sc. in Veterinary Medicine, professor, chief expert for bovine diseases of Federal State Establishment "Federal Centre of Animal Health" (FSE "All-Russian Research Institute of Animal Health"); mcrd. Yurjevets, Vladimir, Russia, 600901; phone: (4922) 26-17-65 20-83; e-mail: mishenko@arriah.ru.

Dumova Viktoriya V., Ph. D. in Veterinary Medicine, chief scientific researcher of the Federal State Establishment "Federal Centre of Animal Health" (FSE "All-Russian Research Institute of Animal Health"); mcrd. Yurjevets, Vladimir, Russia, 600901; phone: (4922) 26-17-65 20-83.

Shevkoplyas Vladimir N., D.Sc. in Veterinary Medicine, professor, Head of the Directorate for Domestic Veterinary Surveillance of the Federal Service for Veterinary and Phytosanitary Surveillance of the Russian Federation; 1/11, Orlikov per., Moscow, 107139; (499) 975-19-56; e-mail: shevkoplyasvn@gmail.com.

Dzhailidi Georgy A., Ph.D. in Biology, Head of the State Veterinary Department of Krasnodar region; 36, Rashpilevskaya st., Krasnodar, 350000; phone: 8 (861)262-19-23; e-mail: dga@uv.krasnodar.ru.

Krivonos Roman A., Deputy Head of the State Veterinary Department of Krasnodar region; 36, Rashpilevskaya st., Krasnodar, 350000; phone: 8 (861) 262-19-23; e-mail: epiz@uv.krasnodar.ru.

Responsible for correspondence with the editorial board: Chernykh Oleg Yu., D.Sc. in Veterinary Medicine, director of the Kropotkin territorial veterinary laboratory; 303, Krasnoarmeyskaya st., Kropotkin, 352380; phone: 8(86138) 6-23-14; e-mail: gukkvl50@kubanvet.ru.