ÓÄÊ 619: 615.371:579.831:001.891.53
DOI 10.33861/2071-8020-2025-1-4-7
Original Empirical Research
Bezborodova N. A., Poryvaeva A. P., Shilova E. N., Kozhukhovskaya V. V., Sokolova O. V., Yatsentyuk S. P.
Abstract. Rational use of vaccines in combination with appropriate animal hygiene and veterinary and sanitary measures is of particular importance in the fight against infectious diseases on farms. Currently, 15 vaccines against bovine clostridiosis from local and foreign manufacturers are included in the Russian Federation register of medicinal products. According to the latest data, Russian researchers have identified Clostridium species diversity in 16 regions of the Russian Federation (Moscow, Tyumen, Ryazan, Kursk, Irkutsk, Nizhny Novgorod, Kirov, Tver, Belgorod, Pskov, Saratov, Samara, Chelyabinsk regions, Republic of Mordovia) with a predominance of Cl. perfringens, Cl. septicum, Cl. sporogenes and sporadically - Cl. difficile, Cl. butyricum, Cl. bifermentans. According to the Department of Veterinary Medicine, in the Sverdlovsk region, the number of cattle vaccinated against emphysematous carbuncle in 2015 was less than 10% of the total number, in 2022 this number increased to 73%, subsequently this pathogen detection reduced by 3 times. In 2020-2022, Cl. difficile and Cl. perfringens DNA were detected in 76.2% of isolates from cattle of the Sverdlovsk region using PCR. In 2023, Cl. difficile and Cl. perfringens DNA was detected in 54.7% of isolates, which is 21.5% less than in the previous period. When typing Cl. difficile, it was found that 41.3% of the isolates were toxicogenic. In 17.2% of cases, Cl. difficile was nontoxigenic. When typing Cl. perfringens, it was found that toxinotype A was dominant (56.3%), toxinotypes D and E were identified sporadically. Identification of the dominant types of pathogens and their toxinotypes made it possible to evaluate the effectiveness of the vaccines used. Vaccine made from B- and Å-toxoids of Clostridium perfringens types B, C and D was used on most farms. Clostridium perfringens type A toxoid vaccine was used less often. At the same time, clostridia of this type were dominant in our studies (56.3%), and Cl. perfringens types D and E were isolated rarely. There were also farms that did not use vaccination, but after laboratory testing of clostridiosis, they introduced vaccines against bovine clostridiosis into the annual scheme.
Keywords: immunization, vaccine, specific prophylaxis, clostridia, anaerobes, cattle.
Author affiliation:
Poryvaeva Antonina P., D.Sc. in Biology, Leading Scientific Researcher of the Laboratory of Viral Infections of the Ural Federal Agrarian Research Center of the Ural Branch of the RAS; 112 a, Belinskogo st., Ekaterinburg, 620142; e-mail: app1709@inbox.ru.
Shilova Evgenia N., D. Sc. in Veterinary Medicine, Leading Scientific Researcher of the Laboratory of Viral Infections of the Ural Federal Agrarian Research Center of the Ural Branch of the RAS; 112 a, Belinskogo st., Ekaterinburg, 620142; e-mail: adelaida.gurgenovna@mail.ru.
Kozhukhovskaya Veronika V., Junior Scientific Researcher of the Ural Federal Agrarian Research Center of the Ural Branch of the RAS; 112 a, Belinskogo st., Ekaterinburg, 620142; e-mail: tetramegon@yandex.ru.
Sokolova Olga V., Doctor of Veterinary Sciences, D. Sc. in Veterinary Medicine, Leading Scientific Researcher of the Department of Genomic Research and Animal Breeding of the Ural Federal Agrarian Research Center of the Ural Branch of the RAS; 112 a, Belinskogo st., Ekaterinburg, 620142; e-mail: nauka_sokolova@mail.ru.
Yatsentyuk Svetlana P., Ph. D. in Veterinary Medicine, Head of the Department of Gene Diagnostics of Injection Animal Diseases of the All-Russian State Center for Quality and Standardization of Medicines for Animals and Feeds; 5, Zvenigorodskoe hgw., Moscow, 123022; e-mail: pcr-lab@vgnki.ru.
Responsible for correspondence with the editorial board: Bezborodova Natalya A., Ph. D. in Veterinary Medicine, Senior Scientific Researcher of the Department of Genomic Research and Animal Breeding of the Ural 7 Federal Agrarian Research Center of the Ural Branch of the RAS; 112 a, Belinskogo st., Ekaterinburg, 620142; phone: 8-904-9817214; e-mail: n-bezborodova@mail.ru.
Conflict of Interest Statement: the authors declare no conflict of interest.
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