Assessment of epizootological and probable epidemiological danger of echinococcosis invasion in the southern regions of Russia (on example of the Karachay-Circassian republic)

DOI 10.33861/2071-8020-2022-1-34-36

Arkelova M.R., Gogushev Z.T., Kaloshkin I.V., Bittirov I.A., Bittirov A.M.

Summary. The article is devoted to the assessment of the epizootological and probable epidemiological danger of echinococcosis invasion in the populations of dogs and sheep in the natural zones of the Karachay-Cherkess Republic. Epizootological studies indicated high rates of increase in the indices of occurrence of echinococcosis in stray and mowing dogs: in the arid subzone - 50.00%, in the moderately arid subzone of the steppe zone - 70.00%, in the foothill zone -90.00%, in the mountain zone - 80.00%. In Karachay-Cherkessia, the average index of occurrence of canine echinococcosis was 72.50%, which indicates a complication of the situation in the region. Tape echinococci in stray and mowing dogs in the arid subzone were found with an abundance index of 548±39 ind./ individual, in the moderately arid subzone of the steppe zone - 893±72 ind./ individual, in the foothill zone - 1,536±113 ind./individual, in the mountainous zone - 1,190.88 ind./individual. The average index of abundance of echinococcosis in dogs was 1,041.8±78.0 ind./individual. This indicates a high level of colonization of the dog's body with tape stages of zoonotic cestode and the likelihood of total contamination of soil, water, grass with helminth eggs, and thus complication of the epidemiological situation in the region. Echinococcosis of sheep in the context of natural and climatic zones has values for VI in the arid subzone, moderately arid subzone of the steppe zone, in the foothill and in the mountain zone, respectively, -20.00; 28.00; 36.00; 32.00% (on average, 29.00±1.84%), which confirms the high level of spread of socially dangerous zoonosis. In the dynamics over the years of research in adult populations of adult sheep, an accumulation of invasion and an increase in the quantitative indicators of the abundance index of Echinococcus granulosus larvocysts from 15.8±0.53 to 36.2±0.97 ind./individual occur. In all years, the fertility of cysts was 100% with an increase in the number of protoscolexes in 1 ml of liquid from 0.76±0.05 to 1.17±0.11 thousand copies. These facts indicate that such extremely high levels of infection of stray and shepherd dogs with tapeworms and sheep with larval stages of the cestode Echinococcus granulosus will predictably become the main causes of the prevalence of dangerous zoonosis in society and represent an increasing epizootological and probable epidemiological danger to humans.

Keywords: Karachay-Cherkessia, zone, dog, sheep, Echinococcus granulosus, cyst fertility, protoscolexes, extensiveness, intensity, invasion.

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Author affiliation:

Arkelova Marzhanat R., graduate student of the Laboratory for the study of invasive diseases of farm animals and birds of the Caspian Zonal Research Veterinary Institute - branch of the Federal Agrarian Scientific Center of the Republic of Dagestan; 88, Dakhadaeva st., Makhachkala, Republic of Dagestan, 367000; e-mail: m.arkelova09@mail.ru.

Gogushev Zurab T., graduate student of the Laboratory for the study of invasive diseases of farm animals and birds of the Caspian Zonal Research Veterinary Institute - branch of the Federal Agrarian Scientific Center of the Republic of Dagestan; 88, Dakhadaeva st., Makhachkala, Republic of Dagestan, 367000; e-mail: z.gogushev@mail.ru.

Kaloshkin Igor V., postgraduate student of the Department of therapy and pharmacology of the Kuban State Agrarian University named after I.T. Trubilin; 13, Kalinina st., Krasnodar, 350044; phone: 8-918-2513000; e-mail: kaloshkinigor@mail.ru.

Bittirov Ismail A., post-graduate student of the Kabardino-Balkaria State Agrarian University named after V.M. Kokov; 1, Lenina st., Nalchik, Republic of Kabardino-Balkaria, 360030; phone: 8-903-6905788; e-mail: bia_1999@mail.ru.

Responsible for correspondence with the editorial board: Bittirov Anatoly M., D.Sc. in Biology, Professor of the Department of Veterinary Medicine of the Kabardino-Balkaria State Agrarian University named after V.M. Kokov; 1, Lenina st., Nalchik, Republic of Kabardino-Balkaria, 360030; phone: 8-928-7175574; e-mail: bam_58a@mail.ru.